Parkinson’s disease and Exercise Physiology

Understanding Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition that affects the central nervous system, leading to various movement disorders. It is caused by the degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, a part of the brain that produces dopamine. Dopamine is a crucial neurotransmitter that helps regulate movement and coordination. When dopamine levels are depleted, it becomes difficult for the brain to control movements effectively.

The Stages of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease progresses through five stages, with symptoms that increase in severity over time. However, the experience can vary significantly between individuals, and not everyone will encounter all symptoms or experience them in the same way.

Stage 1

  • Mild Symptoms: Symptoms are generally minor and don’t interfere with daily life. Movement difficulties, such as tremors, usually occur on one side of the body, along with slight changes in posture, walking, and facial expressions.

Stage 2

  • Worsening Symptoms: Symptoms from Stage 1 begin to affect both sides of the body. Tasks that were once simple, like getting dressed or eating, become more challenging and time-consuming.

Stage 3

  • Mid-Stage Progression: Loss of balance and slower movements become evident. Falls are more frequent, and day-to-day activities such as grooming and dressing may require assistance.

Stage 4

  • Severe Symptoms: Independence is significantly reduced. Most individuals need walking aids, but some may still be able to stand and walk without assistance. Help with daily activities becomes essential.

Stage 5

  • Advanced Stage: Mobility is severely restricted, and most individuals will be unable to walk or stand. Wheelchair use is common, and round-the-clock care is necessary.

In addition to the physical symptoms described in these stages, Parkinson’s disease can also cause non-motor symptoms, such as cognitive changes. These non-motor symptoms vary widely between individuals, just like the physical ones.

Medications for Parkinson’s: Implications for Exercise

Commonly prescribed medications for Parkinson’s help manage symptoms but come with potential side effects that can influence physical activity. It’s important to follow these key exercise and medication tips:

  • Doctor’s Clearance: Always get your doctor’s approval before starting or modifying an exercise routine, especially when taking medication.

  • Timing Exercise: Aim to exercise 45-60 minutes after taking your medication for optimal benefits.

  • Medication Updates: Inform your healthcare professional about any changes to your medication, as this can impact your exercise routine and effectiveness.

Effective Exercises for Parkinson’s

The best exercises for Parkinson’s are tailored to the individual’s stage of the disease, specific symptoms, and personal goals. At Rebound Health, we offer Parkinson’s group classes led by experienced Accredited Exercise Physiologists, as well as private sessions to meet physical activity guidelines. These sessions can help improve overall function and quality of life.

Essential Exercise Components:

  • Aerobic Training: Boosts cardiovascular health and endurance.

  • Resistance Training: Builds strength and helps maintain muscle mass.

  • Balance Training: Reduces fall risk and improves stability.

Other Beneficial Activities:

  • Water Aerobics: Gentle on joints and helps with coordination.

  • Dancing: Engages the brain and body, improving movement and rhythm.

  • Boxing: Enhances strength, agility, and hand-eye coordination.

  • Yoga and Tai Chi: Promote balance, flexibility, and relaxation.

Ready to get started or learn more? Check out our Exercise Rehab and Personal Training page for more details or contact us today to join one of our specialised Parkinson’s classes.

For more information about our services and personalised care, visit our About Us page or explore our General OT Services to see how we can support you on your health journey.

Andrew Daubney